Gotu Kola Tea (Centella Asiatica)

These are dried leaves of Gotu Kola, a plant scientifically known as Centella Asiatica that grows in marshland tropical areas of Thailand, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, and South Africa.

Gotu Kola has been used for centuries in traditional systems like Ayurveda and Chinese Medicine. It’s well known for supporting cognitive function and memory, promoting healthy circulation, and helping with wound healing and skin regeneration.

In some countries, fresh leaves are used for cooking salads and curries, dried herb — for brewing (frequently mixed with Ginseng or Ginkgo Biloba).

In Thailand, people call it Bai Bua Bok (บัวบก). They use the fresh plant to make a juice-based sugary beverage. This green drink (Nam Bai Bua Bok) is easy to find at every street market across the country, they usually sell it along with Chrysanthemum and Roselle Tea.

Gotu Kola Tea Taste

The tea made of dried Centella leaves has a bit grassy, spicy, and slightly salty flavor. To be honest, Gotu kola is one of those magic herbs that we brew for its effect rather than taste. So let’s dive deeper into what it can do.

Health benefits of Centella Asiatica (Gotu Kola)

1. Cognitive Function Support: Learning and Memory

Gotu Kola (Centella asiatica) is probably most famous for its reputation as a natural brain booster — and research is beginning to support this traditional use. A growing number of animal and in vitro studies suggest that Gotu Kola enhances memory formation, learning efficiency, and even supports structural brain development.

In healthy rats, the aqueous Gotu Kola extract (100–300 mg/kg for 14 days) dose-dependently improved learning and memory across shuttle-box, step-through, step-down and elevated-plus-maze tests. The two higher doses also lowered brain lipid peroxidation (MDA) and boosted antioxidants (glutathione, catalase), indicating its nootropic effects arise via antioxidant-driven neuroprotection [1]

In a study on postnatal mice, treatment with an aqueous extract of Centella asiatica at 200 mg/kg for 15 days led to significant improvements in spatial learning and memory, increased acetylcholinesterase activity and enhanced dendritic branching in hippocampus — a region critical for processing memory. These changes persisted even six months later [2].

In young rats during their growth spurt, fresh Centella asiatica leaf extract given at 4 or 6 mL/kg for 4 to 6 weeks also significantly increased dendritic length and branching in hippocampal CA3 neurons. The effect was dose- and duration-dependent, with no significant changes observed at lower doses or shorter time frames—highlighting a sensitive window during development where the brain is especially responsive [3].

In adult rats, only the highest dose (6 mL/kg) of fresh Gotu Kola leaf extract administered for six weeks led to a notable increase in dendritic complexity in the hippocampus. Shorter treatments or lower doses did not yield measurable changes. These results suggest that while Centella asiatica can support brain plasticity even in adulthood, it may require more intensive and sustained intake to achieve structural effects [4].

In lab later studies on human nerve cells, a purified extract of Centella asiatica (ECa 233) at low doses (1–100 µg/mL) made the cells grow longer branch-like projections within 1–2 days. Stronger connections like these help build and reinforce the networks our brain uses for learning and memory [5].

Taken together, these findings suggest that Gotu Kola may enhance both short-term memory performance and long-term brain health by supporting neuronal connectivity, reducing inflammation, and protecting against oxidative damage.

2. Neuroprotective properties. Alzheimer's Disease

There are several animal studies that focus on CA neuroprotective properties being helpful in treating AD.

In a cognitive impairment model where rats were treated with intracerebroventricular streptozotocin to simulate Alzheimer's disease (AD) symptoms, Gotu Kola extract (100–300 mg/kg/day for 21 days) reversed memory deficits and oxidative stress markers. It increased protective enzymes like glutathione and catalase, showing antioxidant-driven neuroprotection. [6].

Following these antioxidant findings, a 2022 rat study showed that oral intake of Gotu Kola extract (150–300 mg/kg/day for 21 days) significantly improved working memory in the Y-maze test and protected against neuron loss in key hippocampal regions—providing both functional and cellular evidence of its neuroprotective action in an AD model [7]

Another proposed therapeutic strategy against Alzheimer’s is preventing amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomerization (the soluble Aβ assemblies are now thought to drive early synaptic dysfunction and memory loss) [8], and here Gotu Kola water extract (GKW) again shows promise.

In human neuroblastoma cells engineered to produce amyloid-β, Gotu Kola extract markedly increased the phosphorylation of CREB—a critical protein for memory formation—via the ERK/RSK signaling pathway. This study is the first to provide a molecular explanation for Gotu Kola’s memory-enhancing properties, previously known for its antioxidant effects. It also observed similar results in rat brain cell cultures. [9]

In a well-established mouse model of Alzheimer’s, long-term oral Gotu Kola extract lowered the brain’s toxic amyloid-β levels (Aβ₁₋₄₀ and Aβ₁₋₄₂) and visibly reduced plaque deposits in the hippocampus. It also acted as an antioxidant—scavenging free radicals and cutting lipid peroxidation—suggesting it may help protect against the plaque-related brain changes seen in Alzheimer’s disease [10]

In a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s (Tg2576), daily oral administration of a water extract of Gotu Kola (GKW) eased β-amyloid–related memory and behavioral deficits. In lab tests, GKW also protected human neuroblastoma cells from β-amyloid toxicity—offering a novel mechanism distinct from standard Alzheimer’s therapies and highlighting unique, water-soluble compounds in Gotu Kola [11]

3. Stroke Recovery and Cognitive Rehabilitation

Gotu Kola has shown promising results in supporting cognitive recovery after stroke.

In animal models of focal cerebral ischemia, asiatic acid (AA)—a triterpenoid compound derived from Centella asiatica—significantly reduced brain damage. It decreased infarct volume by about 60% at 24 hours and by 26% after one week. These effects were linked to its ability to preserve mitochondrial function, a critical factor for neuronal survival during and after ischemic injury [12]. This neuroprotection was demonstrated in a 2009 mouse study with oral AA administration within the first 24 hours post-stroke [13] and confirmed in a 2012 rat model following a single intravenous dose given immediately after ischemic onset [14]. A 2014 embolic-stroke experiment further showed that combining AA with low-dose tissue-plasminogen activator (tPA) markedly enhanced the neuroprotective effect [15].

Additionally, in a rat study of nerve injury, daily ethanolic Gotu Kola extract helped nerves heal faster: rats had more and thicker nerve fibers and showed quicker regrowth of damaged axons. This provides clear proof that Gotu Kola can boost the body’s natural nerve-repair processes—vital for recovering function after a stroke [16].

In lab tests on human nerve cells, a concentrated Gotu Kola extract (including a small amount of asiatic acid) helped nerve fibers grow longer in response to natural growth signals—suggesting Gotu Kola could boost the brain’s ability to form new connections, key for lasting recovery after stroke [16]. These results were confirmed in later study where a standardized ECa 233 extract promoted even faster neurite outgrowth within 48 hours [5].

In a human clinical trial involving stroke survivors with vascular cognitive impairment, patients received orally either Gotu Kola extract (750 mg or 1000 mg daily) or folic acid (3 mg) for six weeks. All groups improved, but the Gotu Kola groups showed greater improvement in memory performance and were at least as effective overall as folic acid [17].

These results suggest Gotu Kola may offer a natural alternative for enhancing post-stroke cognitive rehabilitation.

4. Anxiety and Stress Relief

Preclinical studies suggest that Centella asiatica (Gotu Kola) may offer natural support for managing anxiety, particularly under chronic stress conditions.

In a 2012 study, mice subjected to ten days of immobilization stress were given orally a standardized extract of Centella Asiatica (ECA 233) and that significantly reduced anxiety-like behaviors (elevated plus maze, dark–light box, and open field). Treated animals also showed less weight loss and lower stress hormone (corticosterone) levels. Isolated triterpenes madecassoside and asiaticoside reproduced these calming effects, suggesting they’re the main active ingredients [18].

In a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in human, healthy adults given a single 12 g oral dose of Gotu Kola showed a significant drop in acoustic startle reflex amplitude at 30 and 60 minutes—indicating a rapid anxiolytic effect—without changes in self-reported mood, heart rate, or blood pressure [19]

In a 2016 study, mice subjected to 72 hours of sleep deprivation—a common model for stress-induced anxiety—were treated with Gotu Kola extract at doses of 150 and 300 mg/kg for 8 days. The treatment significantly reduced anxiety-like behaviors and improved locomotor activity, prevented oxidative damage (↓MDA, ↑GSH, ↑catalase) and neuroinflammation (↓TNF-α). Interestingly, its benefits were enhanced by nitric-oxide inhibitors, suggesting that part of its calming action may involve nitric oxide signaling pathways [20].

Later 2019 rat study showed that Gotu Kola directly combats stress-induced inflammation in the brain. In chronically stressed rats, daily oral Centella asiatica extract (150–600 mg/kg for 28 days) normalized high hippocampal TNF-α (a pro-inflammatory cytokine) and raised BDNF levels—two independent pathways by which it protects against stress-related memory impairments [21].

5. Poor blood circulation and varicose veins

Clinical trials have demonstrated that Gotu Kola improves symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency, reduces ankle swelling, and enhances microcirculation, making it useful for managing varicose veins and edema during long flights and in daily life [8][9].

In people with varicose veins, taking 60 mg/day of Gotu Kola extract for three months brought serum markers of connective-tissue breakdown (uronic acids and lysosomal enzymes) back down to normal—suggesting it helps restore the structural integrity of vein walls [22]

In a randomized study of travelers on flights longer than three hours, Gotu Kola’s triterpenic fraction (TTFCA) significantly reduced ankle swelling, maintained healthy skin oxygen/carbon-dioxide exchange, and kept blood flowing smoothly—versus placebo [23]

Patients with chronic venous hypertension who took 60 mg TTFCA twice daily for eight weeks saw capillary filtration rates drop and ankle swelling go down, with clear relief of heaviness, pain and cramps—and no side effects in the treated group [24]

6. Preventing trombosis

In lab tests on rats, Gotu Kola’s methanol extract component (3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid) blocked shear-induced platelet activation and slowed blood coagulation under flow conditions—directly targeting the key mechanism behind clot formation [25] [26].

7. Joint pain and inflammation

In an arthritis model in rats, Centella asiatica extract reduced joint swelling and inflammatory markers, suggesting it may offer natural relief for inflammatory joint conditions [27].

In a rat model of rheumatoid arthritis, oral Centella asiatica methanol fraction (50–250 mg/kg/day for 15 days) significantly reduced joint swelling and synovial inflammation. Treated animals showed lower levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12) and nitric oxide, along with restored antioxidant markers—culminating in less cartilage and bone erosion compared to untreated controls [27]

8. Wound recovery and skin repair

Animal studies have shown that topical Centella asiatica extracts speed up wound healing. In rats, treatment increased antioxidant levels like superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, Vitamin E, and Vitamin C during the early healing stages [28]. In guinea pigs, it boosted hydroxyproline levels—a marker of collagen formation—along with improving tensile strength and total collagen content [29].

Burn and incision wound models further confirmed faster epithelialization and improved tissue structure in Centella asiatica-treated wounds compared to untreated ones [30].

Interestingly, depending on the research model, different compounds in Centella asiatica have been highlighted for their skin-healing properties. While earlier monolayer cell culture studies on human foreskin fibroblasts pointed to asiatic acid as the key driver of collagen production [31], more recent studies—both in vitro and in vivo—emphasize asiaticoside and madecassoside as the main contributors to wound healing. These glycosides activate fibroblast signaling pathways and play a direct role in skin regeneration processes [32].

9. Stomach Ulcers

In rats with gastric “kissing” ulcers caused by acetic acid, daily oral doses of Centella asiatica water extract or its active compound asiaticoside (10–50 mg/kg) cut ulcer size by up to 60 % at days 3 and 7. The treatment also lowered inflammation enzymes (myeloperoxidase), boosted new cell growth, promoted tiny blood-vessel formation, and increased levels of basic fibroblast growth factor—key for tissue repair [33].

In a similar rat model, Centella asiatica water extract (0.10–0.25 g/kg) and asiaticoside (5–10 mg/kg) given orally before and after ulcer induction reduced ulcer size on days 1, 3, and 7. These benefits were linked to inhibiting inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)—lowering toxic nitric oxide levels in the ulcer bed—and thus dampening inflammation to help the stomach lining heal faster [34].

10. Herpes Simplex Virus

In a large in-vitro screen of 500 medicinal herbs, the aqueous extract of Gotu Kola ranked among the top 13 with strong anti–HSV-2 activity (virus inhibition log ≥4.0), providing early evidence that Centella asiatica contains potent antiviral compounds [35]

In cultured monkey kidney (Vero) cells infected with HSV-1 and HSV-2, crude water extracts of Gotu Kola and Mango (Mangifera indica L.) both blocked viral plaque formation and reduced production of infectious virions. When combined with acyclovir, the Gotu Kola extract showed additive to synergistic effects—highlighting asiaticoside as a key antiviral constituent [36]

In cultured monkey kidney cells, Gotu Kola extract blocked both HSV-1 and HSV-2 from multiplying in cell cultures, and this antiviral effect was even stronger when it was combined with mango (Mangifera indica L.) extract. When combined with acyclovir, the GK extract showed additive to synergistic effects—highlighting asiaticoside as a key antiviral constituent [36].

11. Cancer

Multiple laboratory investigations highlight Gotu Kola’s potential against cancer through several complementary mechanisms.

In SK‑MEL‑2 human melanoma cells, asiatic acid triggered classic programmed cell death signs—cell shrinkage, DNA fragmentation, and activation of the mitochondrial death pathway—demonstrating potent anti‑melanoma activity in vitro [37].

In broader tumor panels, several of Gotu Kola’s active compounds—like asiatic acid, ursolic acid, and rosmarinic acid—were found to suppress the growth of stomach, cervical, and skin cancer cells [38].

A further study showed that a water‑based extract acts as a strong antioxidant at low doses (~31µg/mL) and, at higher concentrations (around 650–1000µg/mL), selectively kills cancer cells (mouse melanoma, human breast cancer, rat glioma) while sparing healthy cells [39].

Additionally, although focused on chronic stress, a 2019 rat experiment revealed that Centella asiatica extract reduces inflammatory TNF‑α and boosts neuroprotective BDNF levels—pathways that overlap with tumor inflammation and survival—hinting at additional supportive roles alongside direct cytotoxic and antioxidant effects [21].

Important Note on Cancer Treatment

Centella asiatica (Gotu Kola) is not a treatment for cancer. While some lab studies show promising results, these effects have not been proven in large human trials. Do not use Gotu Kola as a substitute for medical cancer treatment such as chemotherapy, radiation, or surgery. Always consult your oncologist before taking any herbal supplements during cancer therapy, as they may interact with medications or affect treatment outcomes.

Drug Interactions and Side Effects

Gotu Kola extracts can interfere with how your body breaks down many medications. In lab tests, Centella asiatica components blocked key liver enzymes (CYP2C9, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4)—especially CYP2C9—which are responsible for clearing drugs like warfarin, certain painkillers, antidepressants and statins [40].

More specifically,

- CYP2C9 inhibition slows the breakdown of drugs like ibuprofen, warfarin, phenytoin, Tetrahydrocannabinol, and ketamine.

- CYP2D6 is key for many opioids (e.g. codeine, tramadol), certain antidepressants/antipsychotics (e.g. fluoxetine, risperidone), β‑blockers (metoprolol) and amphetamines—blocking CYP2D6 can potentiate those drugs.

- CYP3A4 inhibition slows the breakdown of a wide range of drugs, including sex hormones (estrogens/progestins), many benzodiazepines (midazolam, alprazolam), most statins (simvastatin, atorvastatin), various chemotherapy agents.

As a result, taking Gotu Kola alongside these medications could raise their blood levels, making the drugs stay longer in your system, have stronger or longer-lasting effects, which also means increasing the risk of side effects and overdose.

It may also have sedative effects, which could interact with anti-anxiety drugs, sleep aids, or alcohol. Additionally, since it may affect blood sugar or circulation, caution is advised if you're taking diabetes medications, blood thinners, or drugs for high blood pressure.

Always talk to your doctor or pharmacist before using Gotu Kola (Centella Asiatica) alongside prescription medications—especially if you have chronic health conditions or are on long-term treatment.

Dosage recommendations

Recommended human dosages vary by preparation and clinical goal.

Keep in mind, effects may build gradually over several weeks.

Avoid exceeding 1000 mg/day of extract without medical advice.

Make breaks when using for long-term (e.g., 6 weeks on, 2 weeks off).

Always consult your healthcare provider, especially if pregnant, breastfeeding, or taking medications.

For best potency, use your Gotu Kola extract within 6 months. You can re-dissolve it in 70% ethanol or glycerin before dosing if desired.

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